Thursday, January 25, 2018

Cellular Self-Sacrifice

Biology Concepts – apoptosis, synthaesthesia, mitochondria

We often ascribe human traits to objects that do not have thoughts or feelings of their own. This is called anthropomorphism, and it is hard to go through a day without committing this faux pas.

Anthropomorphism is difficult thing to avoid. We are thinking
beings, and we look at other organisms as if we were them –
so we assign our thoughts to them. A typical example would be
the belief that bacteria and viruses MEAN to do us harm, they
have an evil intent when the infect us. It’s just not so……. except
for athlete’s foot fungus. If you have had it before, you know that
it means to make your life miserable.
It is especially difficult to avoid in biology, even scientists will say that an organism “decides” to do this or an enzyme interacts with a substrate “in order to” accomplish that – the enzyme doesn’t have an agenda, it is just chemistry and physics. Assigning feelings or motives to biological entities is often a way to help explain a concept. As long as everyone agrees that it is just a technique, I think it’s fine. The problem arises when not everyone understands that its just a verbal crutch and they start to internalize it.

I can think of one case in particular where individual cells of a multicellular organism seem to be acting with a purpose, even a sense of altruism. It is called apoptosis or programmed cell death. In apoptosis (from Greek meaning, “falling off”) a cell will die “in order to” contribute to the overall health of the organism. It happens all the time. Autumn is full of apoptosis, as this is the mechanism of leaves falling, and is where the original word came from.

You just had about 1 million of your cells die as a result of apoptosis! … There! It just happened again! About a million cells/sec “commit suicide” (there’s some more anthropomorphism) so that you can live. If they didn’t die, you would.

It starts early, when you were in your embryonic stage. Your hands and feet started as single masses, with the bones growing in the appropriate places, at 48 days the skin covering is them all was one unit, more of a mitten than a glove.

In utero, your hands develop with individual fingers, but covered
by tissue all over, then apoptosis divides them into individual
fingers. The same thing happens with your toes…. Unless it doesn’t
work as it should. If it doesn’t, you end up with syndactyly, or fused
digits.
Then some of the skin cells between the digits began to die, and your fingers and toes started to become apparent. Sometimes the process doesn’t work completely, and people will have webs between their fingers or toes, or two digits will be fused together completely (syndactyly, syn = same and dactyl = digit). In the normal case, these skin cells are programmed to die. Why have the cell in the first place if it just going to die?

In terms of fetal formation, the cells do serve a purpose when they are formed, but that purpose is only temporary. However, this is not unlike many of your adult cells. The cells dying inside you right now probably had a “job to do,” but now they are worn out and replacements have been made for them. In essence, most of our cells are temporary.

Apoptosis is a group of complex mechanisms that allow cells to die well. We all know about cells that do not die well. If you hit your thumb with a hammer, you kill a few thousand cells. They tear open and dump their cellular contents into the tissue around them. This signals a reaction called inflammation and perhaps a sort of immune response. Inflammation and immune responses are good at cleaning up the damage, but they can cause damage in the process. With a million cells dying every second by apoptosis, you would never survive if every death brought an inflammatory response.

Necrosis is the cell death with inflammation and tissue
destruction. This is what happens in frostbite. Can you
imagine if you had this sort of reaction when undergoing
apoptosis to make your individual fingers in utero?
Dying well means cell death without inflammation. In apoptosis, the mechanisms work to shrink the cell away from its neighbors but keeps the cell membrane intact for most of the time it is dying. This prevents the inflammatory response from being jump started.

Signals from outside the cell can stimulate apoptosis, including hormones, damaging chemicals, or a loss of innervation. Sometimes it can be as little as a cell migrating from where it should be; the lack of the proper neighboring cells triggers the out of place cell to die. These are examples of extrinsic apoptosis.

But the signal could be intrinsic as well. Signals that come from inside the cell could be DNA damage, too many oxygen radicals causing damage to proteins, or even that the cell senses it has been infected by a virus. Viruses turn the cell into a virus factory, then the cell bursts to release the new viral particles and they go on to infect more cells. By initiating programmed cell death, no new viruses are made, so no additional cells will be infected and killed. As Spock would say, "They good of the many outweighs the good of the few, or the one."

The exceptional part about this process is that  the mitochondrion is a crucial instigator in apoptosis. This organelle that is so crucial for life and so important for giving the cell its energy to carry out its functions, is one of the main checkpoints and instruments of programmed cell death.

If the signal for apoptosis comes from within the cell, it results in a change in the membrane of the mitochondrion, with leakage of a protein called cytochrome c out into the cytoplasm. Cytochrome c is usually held within the mitochondrion, so that the apoptosis process is held in check. Once released, this protein complexes with other proteins to form an apoptosome, and this starts a cascade toward death.

If the signal comes from outside the cell, many different receptors and pathways can be involved, but some of these will also affect the mitochondria. There are competing sets of factors in the cytoplasm, some always pushing toward cell death while others apoptosis from proceeding. The delicate balance of the factors that want to disrupt the mitochondrion and those that want to protect it allows the cell to live in harmony with itself until there is a reason to die.

This cartoon is a little detailed, but the take home message
is that many insults can lead to mitochondrial damage
(top arrows) and the damage can lead to several signals
for cell suicide – apotposis (bottom arrows).
The extrinsic signals can cause the balance to shift toward mitochondrial leak of cytochrome c. This leads to apoptosome formation, and this activates caspases and other executioner protein enzymes that will start to destroy the cell from within. Some enzymes cut up the DNA into small pieces so that it is no longer functional. Others force the chromatin and nucleus to condense and shrink (become pyknotic) and stop making ribosomes. Some digest important proteins in the cytoplasm. The sum total of their actions is a non-functional cell, but one that is still intact. Over time, the shrunken and dying cell is recognized by macrophages or other cells that quietly break it up and digest it, all without causing any inflammation.

Apoptosis isn’t just for your looks, as in giving you individual fingers and toes. It plays a role in every system of your body, in other animals, and even in plants. Plant cells undergo a programmed cell death, but it is a little different than animal apoptosis because they also have a cell wall to deal with and they don’t have an immune system to ingest all the dying cells. And the metamorphosis of caterpillars turning into butterflies and tadpoles becoming frogs… that couldn’t happen without a lot of apoptosis.

Your embryonic and juvenile nervous system has millions of neurons it does not need. The connections between some neurons may not be in accordance with how humans process signals, and some dying back of processes and cells is expected (called neural pruning).

Misplaced connections that do not die from apoptosis can lead to some interesting results. Synaesthesia is a group of conditions where sensory input is interpreted in more than one area. For example, if connections between taste and other parts of the brain are not pruned by apoptosis, some people will taste colors, or names will have a certain taste. Many synaesthetes (people with synaesthesia) will see number in their brains as having certain shape or texture. It is believed that most children have near photographic memories and cross innervations among the senses, but that the connections for these abilities die back in order to prevent sensory or memory overload.

It is unfortunate that there aren’t very descriptive pictures
that could show what it is like to have synthaesthesia – sure
you can show a colored word or set  of letters, but you don’t
get the idea of what it is to see it in your head when your
hear a letter or word. This chart shows a little of how the
senses can be combine, each combination has a name, but I like
how Dr. Hugo Heyrman sums it up – Synesthesia is a love story
between the senses.
But this is not the only use of apoptosis in the brain. You have heard the expression, “use it or lose it?” This applies to your brain as well. Neural connections in the brain that are stimulated by experiences or thoughts get reinforced, and are less likely to undergo programmed cell death. Those connections that are not used when young are not kept; it would be a waste of energy.

Your immune system also relies on apoptosis. You have T lymphocytes that are designed to recognize a certain molecule that shouldn’t be in your body. Each population of T cells recognizes a different potential problem guest – millions of them in all. But some of the T cells that are made recognize a particle that looks a lot like one of your own molecules. You don’t want that.

In your thymus and other places in your body, your T cells go through a testing process. If they recognize a protein or molecule that isn’t you, they are allowed to mature and then go out in to the body and patrol for their particular target. But if they are programmed to recognize something that is “self” then they are signaled to undergo apoptosis.

It is a great system and works most of the time, but there are exceptions. Some “non-self” proteins can mimic “self” proteins, and if you start to develop an immune response to them, there may be some cross-reaction with your own cells. Or perhaps some T cells that recognize a “self” protein don’t undergo apoptosis when they should. These issues can result in autoimmune diseases – your immune system is attacking you.

Cancer is a loss of cell cycle control, including the idea that
cells are meant to die at an appropriate time. The problem
is that there are many ways that a cell can circumvent the
apoptosis signals, so you can’t induce apoptosis in all cancer
cells by using just one medicine. Plus, how do you tell the
cancer cells to undergo programmed cell death, 
but tell the normal cells to stay alive?
So - too little apoptosis can be a bad thing. One other big example of this is cancer. Most cells have a life span, they should die at some point. But in some types of cancer, the mutations can tip the balance in the cell and mitochondria toward the survival end; they keep living and dividing and piling up; this is a tumor.

Death is a part of life, and we should be thankful for it.





Novich, S., Cheng, S., & Eagleman, D. (2011). Is synaesthesia one condition or many? A large-scale analysis reveals subgroups Journal of Neuropsychology, 5 (2), 353-371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02015.x

Hänggi, J., Beeli, G., Oechslin, M., & Jäncke, L. (2008). The multiple synaesthete E.S. — Neuroanatomical basis of interval-taste and tone-colour synaesthesia NeuroImage, 43 (2), 192-203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.018

Eroglu M, & Derry WB (2016). Your neighbours matter - non-autonomous control of apoptosis in development and disease. Cell death and differentiation PMID: 27177021


For more information or classroom activities on apoptosis and synthaesthesia, see:

Apoptosis –

Synaesthesia –

163 comments:

  1. Damn, but that was an interesting read. As always=)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I am FRED and i want quickly recommend DR NCUBE for a Job well done by
      curing me from the genital herpes disease that have be giving me sleepless night. if you want to contact him, Simply do that via email drncube03@gmail.com or
      call/whatsapp +2348155227532
      he also have #herbs for
      #hiv/aids
      #cancerdisease
      #fibroid
      #diabetes






      I am FRED and i want quickly recommend DR NCUBE for a Job well done by
      curing me from the genital herpes disease that have be giving me sleepless night. if you want to contact him, Simply do that via email drncube03@gmail.com or
      call/whatsapp +2348155227532
      he also have #herbs for
      #hiv/aids
      #cancerdisease
      #fibroid
      #diabetes

      Delete
    2. ATTENTION PLEASE!!! Am so glad to be expressing my profound gratitude to a man that is so concerned about other people's well being. I was suffering from (HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE II) The doctors keep telling me that there is no cure but i believe that there is a cure somewhere and they don't want people to get cured. I tried searching online if i could see anything that will help me and i a comment on YouTube on how Dr Osato help to cure herpes with herbs and i also saw so many comments about him on many web pages on how he had helped and cured so many people suffering from HERPES 1$2, HPV, CANCER, HIV/AIDS, COLD SORE. So i contacted him through his email and i shared my problems with him and he sent me the herbs through UPS and gave me instructions on how to use it. It took me two weeks to finish the herbs and after I finished using it, he told me to go for a medical test, behold the result was negative, now I am HERPES VIRUS free. I just want to use this platform to thank Dr. Osato for curing me from that horrible disease and also for exposing his herbal cure to the world at large, please you can as well contact Dr Osato on his email,website or WhatsApp below.

      Email: osatoherbalcure@gmail.com
      Website: osatoherbalcure.wordpress.com
      WhatsApp: +2347051705853

      Dr Osato herbs is the perfect remedy for Herpes1&2, HPV, HIV and other diseases. 

      Delete
  2. Very nice post. Thanks for sharing with us.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Educative and useful post . A lot of thanks for this wonderful published .

    ReplyDelete
  4. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, cancers that arise in glandular cells of the prostate’s epithelial tissue. Prostate cancers usually progress slowly and produce no symptoms in the initial stages. Eventually, the tumor may enlarge like mine use too, the prostate gland, pressing on the urethra and causing painful or frequent urination and blood in the urine. So I was so uncomfortable with this prostate cancer diseases then I decided to do online search on how to cure cancer because I well have read a lot about herbal medicine, I came across a lot of testimony how Dr Itua cure HIV/herpes then Cancer was listed below the comment.with courage I contacted Dr Itua and he sent me his herbal medicine through Courier service then I was asked to pick it up at my post office which i quickly did. I contacted Dr Itua that i have received my herbal medicine so he instructs me on how to drink it for three weeks and that is how Dr Itua Herbal Medicine cure my prostate Cancer, The treatment takes three weeks and I was cured completely. Dr Itua is a god sent and I thank him every day of my life. Contact him now On:Email:drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com/   Whatsapp:+2348149277967.
    He listed to that he can as well cure the following diseases below.... Cerebral Amides. Lung Cancer,Brain cancer,Esophageal cancer,Gallbladder cancer,Gestational trophoblastic disease,Head and neck cancer,Hodgkin lymphoma Intestinal cancer,Kidney cancer,Leukemia,Liver cancer,Melanoma,Mesothelioma,Multiple myeloma,Neuroendocrine tumors,Hodgkin lymphoma,Oral cancer,Ovarian cancer,Sinus cancer,Soft tissue sarcoma,Spinal cancer,Stomach cancer,Meniere's disease , Testicular cancer,Throat cancer,Thyroid Cancer,Uterine cancer,Vaginal cancer,Vulvar cancer. Alzheimer's disease,Autism,measles, tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, polio and diphtheria Adrenocortical carcinoma. Alma, Uterine Cancer, Breast Cancer, Allergic diseases. Kidney cancer, Love Spell, Glaucoma., Cataracts,Macular degeneration,Cardiovascular disease,Lung disease.Enlarged prostate,Osteoporosis.Generalized dermatitis,Alzheimer's disease,Brain Tumor,Lupus,Endomertil Cancer, cerebrovascular diseases  
    Dementia.Colo rectal cancer, Lottery Spell, Bladder Cancer, Skin Cancer,Ovarian Cancer,Pancreatic Cancer, HIV /Aids,Brain Tumor, Herpes, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Inflammatory bowel disease, Copd, Diabetes, Hepatitis  

    ReplyDelete

  5. Simply wish to say the frankness in your article is surprising.Thanks for sharing.

    ReplyDelete

  6. No matter what age we belong to or what we do. if we are students trying to score well in exams or a professional trying hard that pending promotion or just an adult who is fighting hard to fight dementia, the idea of taking a pull to boost our brain functioning seems little appealing. Thus today it is no surprise that the use of the smart drug also known as nootropics is on a rise. In the past, the term nootropic was used to refer to chemicals that met certain criteria. However, today the term nootropic is used for any kind of natural or synthetic compound that affects the brain functioning of a person positively. The smart drug that is advancing over time is Nuvigil smart drug. People wishing to get this smart drug can buy Nuvigil online.
    Buy Nuvigil online

    ReplyDelete
  7. SOMA is one of the best drugs to relax muscles and relieve muscular pain and tension.You can Buy Soma Online with many payment options such as credit card, debit card, Soma Cash on Delivery and also through net-banking. For More information Visit Website:- Tramadolu.com

    ReplyDelete
  8. When you want to Order TapenTadol Online Cash on delivery option. It is generally recommended to people suffering from moderate to moderately severe pain. Order TapenTadol with COD online now now in cheapest price with fast and secure Cash on delivery or more information kindly contact to support team (347)3O5-5444 Online 24/7.

    Visit Website: www.tramadolu.com
    Buy TapenTadol Online

    ReplyDelete

  9. Soma 350 mg is an effective pain med for acute pain. There are two kinds of body pain. One is acute pain and the other is Chronic pain. Soma 350 mg is mostly used for acute pain. Soma for acute pain helps to drive away body pain instantly.
    Soma 350mg
    tablet Soma 350mg
    350mg Soma

    ReplyDelete
  10. I like your blog post. Keep on writing this type of great stuff. I’ll make sure to follow up on your blog in the future. Fashion bloggers in India

    ReplyDelete
  11. Really Good blog, thanks for sharing with us. Visit OGEN Infosystem for professional Website Designing Company in Delhi, India at an affordable price.
    Website Designing Company in Delhi

    ReplyDelete
  12. Thanks for sharing the information. If you are looking trustable pharmacy for Buy online Medicine. Please visit website.

    Abirapro 250mg
    Alphalan 2mg
    Erlotero 150mg
    Herduo 250mg
    Ibrunat 140mg
    Idrofos 150mg
    Keytruda 100mg
    Natdac 60mg

    ReplyDelete
  13. Nice Blog! Thanks for sharing this blog. If you are looking anxitey Disorder pills Online. So Please visit website

    ReplyDelete
  14. Nice blog.
    If you are looking for abortion pills Buy Mtp kit online from online website at best price.

    ReplyDelete
  15. One of the popular and easy to make is the tater tot casserole recipe. Even if you don’t have much time at hand, this recipe will be over in a jiff. You can even that tater tot casserole is a lifesaver if you have unexpected guests at your home. This dish has originated from the Midwest. Some believe that it came from Minnesota and later spread everywhere.

    ReplyDelete
  16. What if I say that this is one of the best article of this topic & it is well written with the good amount of content. protien characterization service

    ReplyDelete
  17. apply to uk universities is a straightforward process and we will guide you. The key dates admission in uk ahead of beginning your application & i will tell you, who can apply uk student visa apply online & best universities for international students in the uk click that link.

    ReplyDelete
  18. Natural Treatment for Bullous Pemphigoid works to prevent further progression of the disease. Herbal Supplement is to heal the blisters and keep the symptoms control.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Post is amazing, it's so good to have a glance on such thing. I'd say college counseling is more fruitful to carry out prior ACT or SAT prep, assists in setting out career goals. Counseling for University

    ReplyDelete
  20. Impressive work, your words on clothing speak the truth and we should be heeding on with them, such information is always helpful and can fall under positivity of the society

    pakistani clothing store

    ReplyDelete
  21. Impressive work, your words on clothing speak the truth and we should be heeding on with them, such information is always helpful and can fall under positivity of the society

    online clothing brands in pakistan

    ReplyDelete
  22. The Most Reliable Maxi Cab & Minibus Service Provider In Singapore. With over 600 5* Reviews, Singaporeans, Corporate And Tourists Trust SG MAXICAB For Their Transports Needs. Book Maxicab to Airport, you just need to call our Maxicab Booking in Singapore 24Hrs Hotline.

    Maxicab singapore

    ReplyDelete
  23. All the web hosting services we offer are allocated with the lowest affordable rates.

    cheap web hosting in pakistan

    ReplyDelete
  24. PCS Roof Waterproofing Services is the best waterproofing company in Pakistan. Expert in Roof repairing, roof heat insulation.

    Waterproofing in Karachi

    ReplyDelete
  25. I'm Tom Kingsley, It's been a while since I've
    written to thank Dr OHIKHOBO who helped me in my
    life. I was infected with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in 2016, i went to many
    hospitals for a cure but there was no solution, so I was thinking how can I
    get a solution out so that my body can be okay. One day my Aunt Rosa
    introduce me to Doctor OHIKHOBO having seen so many testimony online
    about his herbal medication to cure HERPES and gave me his
    email:drohikhoboherbalcenter@gmail.com , so I emailed him. He told me all the
    things I needed to do and also gave me instructions to follow, which I
    followed properly. Before I knew what was happening after one weeks the
    HERPES that was in my body vanished. so if you are you are having
    herpes or any kind of disease listed below
    *DIABETES
    *CANCER
    *STROKE
    *INFERTILITY
    *HEART DISEASE
    *HIV
    *COLD SORES
    *GENITAL WARTS
    And you also want cure, you can also email him at: drohikhoboherbalcenter@gmail.com or through his WhatsApp + 1-740-231-2427

    ReplyDelete
  26. Thanks for sharing this valuable and understanding article with us.
    Finding Best HP Printer Black Friday Deals
    then plusply digital is offering the Best HP Printer Black Friday Deals for
    your business website or Online Marketing.

    ReplyDelete
  27. Thanks for sharing this valuable and understanding article with us.
    Finding SEO Company Udaipur
    then plusply digital is offering the best SEO Services in Udaipur for
    your business website or Online Marketing.

    ReplyDelete
  28. I never thought i would be HIV negative again after been diagnosed in 2017, i have tried everything possible in life from one doctor to another, one hospital to another, series of tests, different kinds of medication, i had already lost hope until i meet Great Dr. OSAGIE online testimonies, a specialist in herbal medication from Africa, i contacted him (drosagiesolutiontemple@gmail.com OR DROSAGIESOULTIONTEMPLE@YAHOO.COM) and he prepared HIV herbal medication for me which i took for 14days and now i am completely cured. i want to use this medium to express my gratitude to him for saving my life and curing me from HIV, for taking away all my pains and sorrows, I''m indeed grateful and i am so happy I''m now HIV negative. i will continue to tell the good news of your great works to everyone, if you have HIV or other disease contact him, Email: his email: (drosagiesolutiontemple@gmail.com OR DROSAGIESOULTIONTEMPLE@YAHOO.COM ) or Whatsapp number: +2347030465649 DOCTOR OSAGIE CAN AS WELL HELP THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS
    1. HIV/AIDS SPELL
    2. HERPES CURE OF KIND
    3. CANCER SPELL
    4 IF YOU WANT YOUR EX LOVER BACK SPELL
    5 IF YOU NEED A BABY SPELL him to solve
    6 LOW SPERM COUNT SPELL get all your problem solve. No problem is too big for him to solve.

    ReplyDelete
  29. Great work! The way you describe your words is the best, very informative. SEO services is now heightening its combustion in Pakistan as majority appear their businesses via online platforms.
    top it companies in pakistan

    ReplyDelete
  30. I was just browsing the internet and randomly clicked here. This is indeed nice knowledge. I am very thankful to you and the translation companies in Saudi Arabia.
    e invoicing in saudi


    ReplyDelete
  31. KMSpico is software for those who avoid violating the rules of Microsoft. It is a very handy software for everyone in terms of regular technology.


    kmspico

    ReplyDelete
  32. Great work! The way you describe your words is the best, very informative. SEO services is now heightening its combustion in Pakistan as majority appear their businesses via online platforms.
    it services and solutions

    ReplyDelete
  33. Technologistan is the popoular and most trustworthy resource for technology, telecom, business and auto news in Pakistan

    ReplyDelete
  34. Hii, This is the best blog and has good content. Thank you.
    mahindra 575

    ReplyDelete
  35. Hello, It's good and unique content. Thanks for publishing.
    powertrac 434

    ReplyDelete
  36. Hello, in this blog you have written good content. keep it up.
    john deere 5065e

    ReplyDelete
  37. Hey, your blog has great content, and it's unique. Thank you for sharing.
    New Holland Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  38. your content is good. I really like it too much.

    Eicher Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  39. I have also gone through your other posts too and they are also very much appreciate able. We manufacture epoxy flooring materials in multiple colours for customization as per your need.

    ReplyDelete
  40. " Universities in Russia,
    Russia has been always a preferred destination for Indian students for persueing MBBS abroad.

    ReplyDelete
  41. Thanks a lot for sharing this splendid blog, This content is very valuable to get good knowledge. Thanks again!

    cultivator price

    ReplyDelete

  42. Natural Treatment for Peripheral Neuropathy that may provide relief for the patient. Herbal Supplement suggests helping manage this condition and treat causes.

    ReplyDelete
  43. One of the best website to watch online & download free movies site is
    Themoviesflix pro

    ReplyDelete
  44. Herbal Treatment for Hernia pain relief but especially effective when coping with a sports hernia. Herbal Supplement pain reliever when one is suffering from a hernia.

    ReplyDelete
  45. Natural Treatment for Eye Bags getting rid of puffy eyes is something that you can easily do at home. Herbal Supplement can reduce puffiness around the eyes.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Nice information. Generally people ignore such things and have to face very serious conditions.
    Swaraj 963

    ReplyDelete
  47. You have provided excellent data for us. It is great and informative for everyone. Keep posting always. I am very thankful to you. Thanks once again. Trakstar Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  48. Interesting... i think i would bookmark this site. m bout to get busy now but hey! ill come back later

    ReplyDelete
  49. This type of message always inspiring and I prefer to read quality content, so happy to find good place to many here in the post, the writing is just great, thanks for the post. Feel free to visit my website; v

    ReplyDelete
  50. Fantastic website. A lot of helpful info here. I am sending it to some friends ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thank you to your effort! Feel free to visit my website; 바카라사이트닷컴

    ReplyDelete
  51. I have to say that is provide lots of information by this blog. If you want to get right medicines whenever you are feeling discomfort in the body due to the pain. That pain is living hell during working hour than you should get right medicine for you. Buy Tapentadol 100mg Online
    Buy Tapentadol 100MG

    ReplyDelete
  52. Nice content. It is necessary to understand the lifecycle of micro organisms.
    Mahindra Mini Truck

    ReplyDelete
  53. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  54. Everyone should follow all those rules which is provide by our organisms in country. If you are patients of anxiety disorder since 1 months and long time period than don't worry you can easy relive by blue lotus capsules. Buy Blue Lotus Capsules Online

    ReplyDelete
  55. Great & nice articles with a lot of information to read. 바카라사이트

    ReplyDelete
  56. Excellent !! Nice article.. once again... Thanks for sharing such a unique and informative article. Please continue this - john deere 5310

    ReplyDelete
  57. I found that your blog contains fruitful data. Keep sharing more data in form of blogs. keep doing such great work. Ashok Leyland 10 Wheeler

    ReplyDelete

  58. Download 100% free, watch online movies visit fmovies to

    ReplyDelete
  59. Thanks for uploading this amazing post with us here, it's one of the best blogs ever.

    buy tractor

    ReplyDelete
  60. This is an interesting post that I enjoyed reading your blog.

    tractor tyre price

    ReplyDelete
  61. After visit your website, I found very informative content, Thanks for sharing this.

    Birla Tractor Tyres

    ReplyDelete
  62. This information is helpful for everyone. So please always share this kind of information. Thanks. Birla Tractor Tyre

    ReplyDelete
  63. This is an interesting blog that helps us to increase our own knowledge. John Deere Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  64. I really Like this content this is helpful to increase our knowledge.
    Powertrac Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  65. I like your writing skills, It is very attractive such that all the matter seems to be visual.
    Mahindra Electric Auto Price

    ReplyDelete
  66. All your blogs are interesting and fantastic. That’s why I visit your blogs regularly.
    Tata 1512

    ReplyDelete
  67. This is nice and educative blog thanks for sharing this. Digitrac Tractor

    ReplyDelete
  68. Nice post, You have provided very important and essential data for us. It is valuable and informative for everyone. Keep posting always. I am very thankful to you. Thanks once again for sharing it. Birla Tractor Tyres

    ReplyDelete
  69. I am happy to set up this site and analyzing this superb post, this is exceptionally valuable data you offer, thanks and keep it up!
    40 Ton Truck

    ReplyDelete
  70. It is an informative and useful blog. Thanks for sharing this information……………

    Eicher 485 hp

    ReplyDelete
  71. Wow Superb, Thanks for sharing such a Informational content. I'm glad to read this post. pls keep it up. - powertrac 439 plus

    ReplyDelete
  72. This info is very helpful for everyone. Keep it up. Thanks once again for sharing it. Check this also - Tata LPT 4925

    ReplyDelete
  73. Thanks For Given Information and I'm suggest to Buy Best Mahindra Tractor in India,


    Mahindra Tractor Showroom

    ReplyDelete
  74. Thanks for gived me this valubale information.
    Tata Intra price

    ReplyDelete
  75. One of the essential purposes behind picking Tractorkarvan is that it helps clients trade utilized Tractors easily. In the event that they are thinking about selling utilized Tractors, Tractorkarvan is the best spot as it assists them with getting the best cost.

    ReplyDelete
  76. Much impressed by this article.

    Thanks for sharing.

    tractor

    ReplyDelete
  77. Great Article! Thanks for sharing such an wonderful article with us. If you are looking for Online Medicine than buytapentadolrx is best place to help you Buy Online pills with cash on delivery.
    buy tapentadol 100mg online

    ReplyDelete
  78. Hello!!
    Useful blog. thank you for sharing with us.
    Eicher 380

    ReplyDelete
  79. Hello!!
    Useful blog. Thank you for sharing with us.
    tractor

    ReplyDelete
  80. Hello!!
    Useful blog. thank you for sharing to us.
    tractor trailer

    ReplyDelete
  81. Hello!!

    Useful blog. thank you for sharing to us.

    vertical disc plough

    ReplyDelete
  82. Buy tamiflu online on COD at cheap prices. Get best medication for virus with expert guide on its uses and side effects.order tamiflu 75mg.
    We Offers :
    buy artvigil online
    tapentadol cash on delivery
    eszopiclone 2 mg

    ReplyDelete
  83. Hello!!
    Nice post . Thank you for sharing with us.
    tractor trailer

    ReplyDelete
  84. Hello!!
    Nice post . Thank you for sharing with us.
    tractor tyre price

    ReplyDelete
  85. I saw your post and I liked so much good information which can not be found anywhere. Good
    (Roof Waterproofing Services)
    (roof waterproofing)
    (Roof Waterproofing Company)

    ReplyDelete
  86. Buy Belbien Online US To US - Buy Hemofarm Belbien (Zolpidem) Online Over The Counter :: Buy Belbien Online Overnight US To US Delivery Click Here

    ReplyDelete
  87. Everyone is always discovering new things because of this information. Thank you so much for sharing this crucial knowledge.
    Fantasy sports app development company

    ReplyDelete
  88. Cellular Self-Sacrifice' delves into the remarkable phenomenon of programmed cell death. The exploration of this biological process and its significance in maintaining overall health and development is both fascinating and enlightening. Make a habit to visit Umrah Packages

    ReplyDelete
  89. Looking to enhance your small business's visibility in the digital realm without breaking the bank? Our affordable SEO packages for small businesses in Lahore offer the perfect solution. With expertly crafted strategies and tailored optimization techniques, we ensure that your website achieves higher rankings on search engine results pages (SERPs) and attracts valuable organic traffic.

    ReplyDelete
  90. Come see why our Nursing Home for Elderly is the best choice for your loved one's comfort, safety, and well-being.

    For more information visit our website:- https://www.nursing-home-philippines.com

    ReplyDelete
  91. A fantastic read. I will certainly be back. Feel free to visit my website;

    ReplyDelete
  92. Thanks for sharing this marvelous post.

    ReplyDelete
  93. I m very pleased to read this article.

    ReplyDelete
  94. Nice Blog, Thank you so much for sharing such an amazing blog. Read our website :- https://www.nursing-home-philippines.com/

    ReplyDelete
  95. Such an amazing and helpful post. I really really love it

    ReplyDelete
  96. such a great blog. Thanks for sharing.

    ReplyDelete

  97. This website and I conceive this internet site is really informative ! Keep on putting up!

    ReplyDelete
  98. Hello Dear, are you really visiting this web site regularly, if so after that you will definitely obtain pleasant experience

    ReplyDelete
  99. It is very well written, and your points are well-expressed.

    ReplyDelete
  100. I love your writing very much! share we be in contact more approximately your post on AOL.

    ReplyDelete
  101. I need an expert in this area to solve my problem.
    Maybe that’s you!

    ReplyDelete
  102. Thank you for another excellent article.

    ReplyDelete
  103. Lime kiln dust Jacksonville , Texas, is a versatile material derived from lime production. It finds utility in soil stabilization, road construction, and agriculture due to its calcium-rich content.

    ReplyDelete
  104. You can find a delightful assortment of chocolates in Dammam, ranging from rich Belgian truffles to local Saudi favorites. Whether you're looking for a sweet treat or a special gift, Dammam offers a variety of chocolate options to satisfy your cravings.

    ReplyDelete
  105. Cellular self-sacrifice, also known as apoptosis, is a crucial biological process where cells intentionally destroy themselves for the greater good of the organism. It plays a vital role in maintaining tissue health, regulating development, and eliminating damaged or infected cells. This programmed cell death is essential for overall organism well-being. accident cement truck

    ReplyDelete
  106. Your insight into anthropomorphism reminds us how inherently human it is to assign emotions and attributes to inanimate objects. Just as the best interior Fit-Out Company in UAE brings life and personality to spaces through their design, our inclination to anthropomorphize adds character to the world around us, making it more relatable and engaging.

    ReplyDelete
  107. Top interior fit-out companies in Dubai play a pivotal role in elevating both commercial and villa renovations, seamlessly combining luxury and functionality. Experience the epitome of excellence in villa renovation Dubai with innovative designs that redefine spaces and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal.

    ReplyDelete
  108. Discover top-notch legal support with the best divorce lawyers near me. Expert guidance for a smooth process. Trustworthy representation awaits.

    ReplyDelete
  109. Car Wash Ottawa delivers a pristine shine with their expert cleaning services, ensuring your vehicle sparkles inside and out. Trust them for a thorough and efficient car wash experience in the Ottawa area.

    ReplyDelete
  110. Thanks for posting this info., its is very helpful for all of us.keep update with your blogs. online marketingbedrijf

    ReplyDelete
  111. CMOLDS, a premier mobile app development company in Dubai, pioneers innovative solutions tailored to your business goals. With a focus on cutting-edge technology and user-centric design, we craft mobile apps that elevate brands and redefine digital experiences in the vibrant Dubai market.

    ReplyDelete
  112. Short but very accurate info, Appreciate you for sharing this blog. A must read post

    ReplyDelete
  113. Thanks to the author of this post for writing such wonderful lines here. It awesome

    ReplyDelete
  114. This is excellent blog here. A great read. Thank you for sharing this

    ReplyDelete
  115. I am so blessed to discover this blog. Great info. A very awesome blog post.

    ReplyDelete
  116. This is also a very good post which I really enjoy reading. Do another one man

    ReplyDelete
  117. Thank you for sharing this post. I am really impressed with your writing skills.

    ReplyDelete
  118. Keep up the good writing. Pretty good posts, I think this is one of the best

    ReplyDelete
  119. Cellular self-sacrifice, also known as programmed cell death or apoptosis, is a vital process in multicellular organisms. It involves cells deliberately initiating their own destruction for the greater good of the organism. This mechanism plays crucial roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and the elimination of damaged or potentially harmful cells. By sacrificing themselves, these cells prevent the spread of disease, maintain tissue integrity, and contribute to overall health and function. This blog is a goldmine of information. Your blog packs a punch in just a few sentences. Your words are like gems. Thank you for sharing this! A quick, delightful read that left me inspired Thanks! "Your comment is like a burst of confetti, adding joy to our blog. buy vaporizer online india

    ReplyDelete
  120. At Ramma Foundation Repair, we specialize in comprehensive Edmonton foundation repair services, ensuring the stability and longevity of your property. Our expert team uses advanced techniques to address foundation issues, providing reliable solutions tailored to Edmonton's unique soil conditions. Trust us to protect your home with precision and care.

    ReplyDelete
  121. Cellular self-sacrifice is a biological phenomenon where individual cells undergo programmed cell death or self-destruction for the benefit of the organism. This concept is often discussed in relation to apoptosis, autophagy, immune response, and cancer research. Understanding cellular self-sacrifice can provide insights into cancer development, where apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms might be disrupted. Exploring cellular biology or related scientific literature can provide a deeper understanding Criminal Defense Attorney Fairfax.

    ReplyDelete
  122. Cellular self-sacrifice is a process where cells undergo self-destruction for the greater good of an organism, often associated with biological processes like apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that maintains health by eliminating damaged or potentially dangerous cells. It plays a critical role in shaping tissues during development and preventing cancer. Autophagy is a process where cells degrade and recycle their own components, helping maintain cellular homeostasis and providing energy during stress. Cellular self-sacrifice is essential for defense against diseases, development, and aging, and can be metaphorically used to describe situations where individual components of a system sacrifice themselves for the benefit of the whole new york ny divorce lawyer.

    ReplyDelete
  123. <a href="https://fenunalmthaleya.com/%d8%b4%d

    ReplyDelete